AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free during shutdown of Logger

### Describe the bug

During shutdown of the CRT; if a thread takes longer time to respond than expected we might get a use after free. This can be seen when running a build using the address sanitizer (`-DENABLE_ADDRESS_SANITIZER=ON`, see logs below)

The issue seems to be predicted in the following comment:
https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-cpp/pull/2885/files#r1567933028

### Regression Issue

- [ ] Select this option if this issue appears to be a regression.

### Expected Behavior

Not intermittently having use after free issues.

### Current Behavior

Here are an output from a run when `SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free` is hit during shutdown.

```
Aws::Utils::Logging::s_aws_logger_redirect_get_log_level(aws_logger*, unsigned int) /path/aws-sdk-cpp/src/aws-cpp-sdk-core/source/utils/logging/CRTLogging.cpp:59:42
#1 0x7f2a17209f67 in s_destroy /path/aws-c-io/source/linux/epoll_event_loop.c:233:5
#2 0x7f2a171e87de in s_aws_event_loop_group_shutdown_sync /path/aws-c-io/source/event_loop.c:43:13
#3 0x7f2a171ebde5 in s_event_loop_destroy_async_thread_fn /path/aws-c-io/source/event_loop.c:55:5
#4 0x7f2a18a53bfb in thread_fn /path/aws-c-common/source/posix/thread.c:177:5
#5 0x7f2a1bcfdaf6 (/usr/local/lib/clang/21/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libclang_rt.asan.so+0x147af6)
#6 0x7f2a19b8af6b in start_thread /usr/src/debug/glibc-2.38-150600.14.37.1.x86_64/nptl/pthread_create.c:444:8
#7 0x7f2a19c12387 in __GI___clone3 /usr/src/debug/glibc-2.38-150600.14.37.1.x86_64/misc/../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:78

0x7b5a153e2120 is located 16 bytes inside of 24-byte region [0x7b5a153e2110,0x7b5a153e2128)
freed by thread T0 here:
#0 0x7f2a1bd1107d in operator delete(void*) (/usr/local/lib/clang/21/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libclang_rt.asan.so+0x15b07d)
#1 0x7f2a19b3dba0 in __cxa_finalize /usr/src/debug/glibc-2.38-150600.14.37.1.x86_64/stdlib/cxa_finalize.c:82:6

previously allocated by thread T1 here:
#0 0x7f2a1bd1081d in operator new(unsigned long) (/usr/local/lib/clang/21/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libclang_rt.asan.so+0x15a81d)
#1 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::__new_allocator, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>::allocate(unsigned long, void const*) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/new_allocator.h:151:27
#2 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::allocator_traits, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>>::allocate(std::allocator, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>&, unsigned long) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/alloc_traits.h:614:20
#3 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::__allocated_ptr, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>> std::__allocate_guarded, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>>(std::allocator, (__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>>&) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/allocated_ptr.h:102:21
#4 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::__shared_count<(__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::__shared_count, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&>(Aws::Utils::Logging::DefaultCRTLogSystem*&, std::_Sp_alloc_shared_tag>, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:967:19
#5 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::__shared_ptr::__shared_ptr, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&>(std::_Sp_alloc_shared_tag>, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1719:14
#6 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::shared_ptr::shared_ptr, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&>(std::_Sp_alloc_shared_tag>, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr.h:463:4
#7 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::shared_ptr::value, Aws::Utils::Logging::DefaultCRTLogSystem>::type> std::allocate_shared, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&>(std::allocator const&, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&) /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr.h:990:14
#8 0x7f2a18dfe25e in std::shared_ptr Aws::MakeShared(char const*, Aws::Utils::Logging::LogLevel const&) /path/aws-sdk-cpp/src/aws-cpp-sdk-core/include/aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSAllocator.h:117:16
#9 0x7f2a18dfe25e in Aws::InitAPI(Aws::SDKOptions const&) /path/aws-sdk-cpp/src/aws-cpp-sdk-core/source/Aws.cpp:72:25
...

Thread T19 created by T0 here:
#0 0x7f2a1bce42f1 in pthread_create (/usr/local/lib/clang/21/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libclang_rt.asan.so+0x12e2f1)
#1 0x7f2a18a52593 in aws_thread_launch /path/aws-c-common/source/posix/thread.c:352:19
#2 0x7f2a171e823e in s_aws_event_loop_group_shutdown_async /path/aws-c-io/source/event_loop.c:75:5
#3 0x7f2a18a5a96c in aws_ref_count_release /path/aws-c-common/source/ref_count.c:29:9
#4 0x7f2a171f89a4 in s_cleanup_default_resolver /path/aws-c-io/./3pp/sources/aws-c-io/source/host_resolver.c:330:5
#5 0x7f2a18a5a96c in aws_ref_count_release /path/aws-c-common/source/ref_count.c:29:9
#6 0x7f2a171d3b23 in s_client_bootstrap_destroy_impl /path/aws-c-io/source/channel_bootstrap.c:31:5
#7 0x7f2a18a5a96c in aws_ref_count_release /path/aws-c-comm on/source/ref_count.c:29:9
#8 0x7f2a17de36c8 in Aws::Crt::Io::ClientBootstrap::~ClientBootstrap() /path/aws-crt-cpp/source/io/Bootstrap.cpp:91:21
#9 0x7f2a1b92db2e in std::_Sp_counted_base<(__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::_M_release() /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:345:8
#10 0x7f2a1b92db2e in std::__shared_count<(__gnu_cxx::_Lock_policy)2>::~__shared_count() /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/15.2.0/../../../../include/c++/15.2.0/bits/shared_ptr_base.h:1069:11
#11 0x7f2a19b3dba0 in __cxa_finalize /usr/src/debug/glibc-2.38-150600.14.37.1.x86_64/stdlib/cxa_finalize.c:82:6

Thread T1 created by T0 here:
#0 0x7f2a1bce42f1 in pthread_create (/usr/local/lib/clang/21/lib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/libclang_rt.asan.so+0x12e2f1)
#1 0x7f2a1b40b772 in mt_thread_create /path/mt_thread.c:38:38
...
#4 0x55e5796c45a9 in main /path/main.c:512:5
#5 0x7f2a19b24e6b in __libc_start_call_main /usr/src/debug/glibc-2.38-150600.14.37.1.x86_64/csu/../sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h:58:16

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free /path/aws-sdk-cpp/src/aws-cpp-sdk-core/source/utils/logging/CRTLogging.cpp:59:42 in Aws::Utils::Logging::s_aws_logger_redirect_get_log_level(aws_logger*, unsigned int)
```

### Reproduction Steps

Will investigate if an existing aws-sdk-cpp test can be modified to reproduce.

### Possible Solution

_No response_

### Additional Information/Context

_No response_

### AWS CPP SDK version used

1.11.479 and later

### Compiler and Version used

clang 21

### Operating System and version

Linux, Ubuntu 24.04