[aws-eks] Add EKS Cluster Lookup method

Enable EKS cluster lookups simular to VPC lookup (using only the ID or the ARN).
Currently, the closes thing is `fromClusterAttributes` which requires information about the VPC, the security groups, etc, which seems really unnecessary to me

https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/be6666b0fe5743c9f8a7747768101fb86380eb38/packages/%40aws-cdk/aws-eks/lib/cluster.ts#L59-L90

### Use Case

I am creating an EKS cluster using CDK.
In a separate stack, I would like to add a Fargate profile. I have no easy way to get the cluster so I can pass it to the FargateProfile constructor.
There is no easy way to do so.

### Proposed Solution

A similar solution as what's used in the VPC module

https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/c4757831bc5ccb8ac510694d083f17d39a423033/packages/%40aws-cdk/aws-ec2/lib/vpc.ts#L993-L1032

* [X] :wave: I may be able to implement this feature request
* [ ] :warning: This feature might incur a breaking change

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This is a :rocket: Feature Request

Start by comparing the EKS implementation in packages/@aws-cdk/aws-eks/lib/cluster.ts with the VPC lookup method in packages/@aws-cdk/aws-ec2/lib/vpc.ts. The work is done when an EKS cluster can be looked up using only its ID or ARN and passed to the FargateProfile constructor without VPC or security group details.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.