(s3tables): support schema evolution for tables defined in CDK

### Describe the feature

Tables defined in CDK don't support schema evolution, there should be a way to add optional fields/expand dtypes for tables that are defined in CDK.

Support for evolution of the partitioning scheme should also be considered.

### Use Case

Schema evolution is an important (really it's table stakes) feature for usage of apache iceberg.

### Proposed Solution

_No response_

### Other Information

_No response_

### Acknowledgements

- [ ] I may be able to implement this feature request
- [ ] This feature might incur a breaking change

### AWS CDK Library version (aws-cdk-lib)

2.250.0

### AWS CDK CLI version

2.1030.0

### Environment details (OS name and version, etc.)

Al2023

Start by tracing the CDK entry point for tables defined in CDK and how it represents Apache Iceberg schemas; the issue names no files or tests. Define supported behavior for adding optional fields and expanding data types, then determine whether partitioning-scheme evolution is in scope and verify the result with the relevant CDK tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.