(aws-cdk-lib): cdk commands hang on Yarn install step when using Runtime.NODEJS_20_X

### Describe the bug

I am trying to run `cdk` commands, such as `cdk diff` on a stack that contains `NodejsFunction`s with `runtime`s set to `Runtime.NODEJS_20_X`. However, the commands always hang when the build image, `public.ecr.aws/sam/build-nodejs20.x@sha256:f09695497aac919ac48544640265` tries to install `yarn`:

```
[+] Building 317.2s (4/13)
=> [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s
=> => transferring dockerfile: 37B 0.0s
=> [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s
=> => transferring context: 2B 0.0s
=> [internal] load metadata for public.ecr.aws/sam/build-nodejs20.x:latest 0.9s
=> CACHED [ 1/10] FROM public.ecr.aws/sam/build-nodejs20.x@sha256:f09695497aac919ac48544640265 0.0s
=> [ 2/10] RUN npm install --global yarn@1.22.5 316.1s
```

If `runtime` is set to `Runtime.NODEJS_18_X`, yarn is installed correctly.

Also if one just takes the Dockerfile from https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-lambda-nodejs/lib/Dockerfile and sets ARG IMAGE=IMAGE=public.ecr.aws/sam/build-nodejs20.x, the `yarn` install step completes successfully.

### Expected Behavior

Yarn is installed within seconds and the build continues.

### Current Behavior

`RUN npm install --global yarn@1.22.5` step continues indefinitely

### Reproduction Steps

Create a project that has a `NodeJSFunction` in it:

```
const customMessageHandler = new NodejsFunction(this, 'CognitoMessageHandler', {
memorySize: 128,
timeout: Duration.seconds(5),
runtime: Runtime.NODEJS_20_X,
handler: 'handler',
projectRoot: path.join(__dirname, '../../src/myproject'),
depsLockFilePath: path.join(__dirname, '../../src/myproject/yarn.lock'),
entry: path.join(__dirname, '../../src/myproject/src/index.ts'),
bundling: {
minify: true,
loader: {
'.html': 'text'
}
}
});
```

Run `cdk diff --profile myprofile`

### Possible Solution

_No response_

### Additional Information/Context

Might be related to https://github.com/aws/aws-sam-build-images/issues/116

### CDK CLI Version

2.118.0 (build a40f2ec)

### Framework Version

2.117.0

### Node.js Version

v20.10.0

### OS

macOS 13.1

### Language

TypeScript

### Language Version

_No response_

### Other information

_No response_

Start with packages/aws-cdk-lib/aws-lambda-nodejs/lib/Dockerfile and compare the NODEJS_20_X image behavior with NODEJS_18_X. Reproduce with a NodejsFunction and `cdk diff`, focusing on the `npm install --global yarn@1.22.5` step; done means Yarn installs promptly and bundling continues. The linked aws-sam-build-images issue may provide relevant context.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.