MAINT/BUG: remove use of `**kwargs` in function signatures

This is the extension of #2109 that is about the bug it causes in the `mast` module. Basically, we should be explicit and list all optional keyword parameters rather than blindly covering them in e.g. a `**kwarg`, which should only be used for wrappers that have too many options depending on the different backend.

Being explicit is 1) more useful for the users to see all the options in the signature/docstring, 2) less error-prone by ensuring ineffective keywords are not accepted (and misleading users that they are used while in fact, they have no effect whatsoever).

I'm attaching a checklist for all our current modules as this issue can be closed when it's systematically addressed in all of them (and explicit exceptions are made for the remaining usage of `**kwargs`).

- [ ] astroquery/alfalfa
- [ ] astroquery/alma
- [ ] astroquery/astrometry_net
- [x] astroquery/atomic
- [ ] astroquery/besancon
- [ ] astroquery/cadc
- [ ] astroquery/casda
- [ ] astroquery/cds
- [x] astroquery/cosmosim
- [x] astroquery/dace
- [ ] astroquery/esa/hsa
- [ ] astroquery/esa/hubble
- [ ] astroquery/esa/iso
- [ ] astroquery/esa/jwst
- [ ] astroquery/esa/xmm_newton
- [ ] astroquery/esasky
- [ ] astroquery/eso
- [x] astroquery/exoplanet_orbit_database
- [ ] astroquery/fermi
- [x] astroquery/gaia
- [ ] astroquery/gama
- [ ] astroquery/gemini
- [ ] astroquery/heasarc
- [ ] astroquery/hips2fits
- [ ] astroquery/hitran
- [ ] astroquery/image_cutouts/first
- [ ] astroquery/imcce
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/irsa
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/irsa/ibe
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/irsa/irsa_dust
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/irsa/sha
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/ned
- [ ] astroquery/ipac/nexsci/nasa_exoplanet_archive
- [ ] astroquery/jplhorizons
- [ ] astroquery/jplsbdb
- [x] astroquery/jplspec
- [ ] astroquery/lamda
- [ ] astroquery/linelists/cdms
- [ ] astroquery/magpis
- [ ] astroquery/mast
- [ ] astroquery/mpc
- [ ] astroquery/nasa_ads
- [ ] astroquery/nist
- [ ] astroquery/noirlab
- [ ] astroquery/nrao
- [ ] astroquery/nvas
- [ ] astroquery/oac
- [ ] astroquery/ogle
- [ ] astroquery/open_exoplanet_catalogue
- [ ] astroquery/sdss
- [ ] astroquery/simbad
- [ ] astroquery/skyview
- [ ] astroquery/splatalogue
- [ ] astroquery/svo_fps
- [ ] astroquery/template_module
- [ ] astroquery/ukidss
- [ ] astroquery/utils
- [ ] astroquery/utils/tap
- [x] astroquery/vamdc
- [ ] astroquery/vizier
- [ ] astroquery/vo_conesearch
- [x] astroquery/vsa
- [ ] astroquery/wfau
- [ ] astroquery/xmatch

Start by auditing the function signatures in the astroquery modules listed in the checklist, with the mast module as the stated bug context. Identify uses of **kwargs, compare them with the supported optional parameters, and run the relevant module tests as each area is updated. Done means the checklist is addressed systematically and remaining **kwargs uses are explicit exceptions.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.