Limit usage of `**kwargs` to raise error for non functional kwargs of the common API

The following query should raise an error rather than pass as clearly the timeout has no effect

```
>>> from astroquery.mast import Catalogs
>>> %time catalog_data = Catalogs.query_object("158.47924 -7.30962", catalog="TIC", timeout=0.1, radius='1d')
CPU times: user 1.7 s, sys: 191 ms, total: 1.89 s
Wall time: 7.84 s
```

Start with the Catalogs.query_object call shown in the issue and trace how the common API handles **kwargs. Check how timeout is propagated or ignored, then add coverage for the example query. Done means a non-functional keyword such as timeout raises an error instead of silently passing.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.