Provide advanced compilation features

At various times, I have needed to

Get a listing of the source and generated code
See the preprocessed source
Get a link map
Define a preprocessor symbol

It would be nice to have interfaces to accomplish these features, and, lacking an interface, a tutorial that says how to modify the configuration file to get these effects (at least for the first three issues).
joe

Start by examining the Arduino IDE 1.x compilation configuration and entry points related to source listings, preprocessing, link maps, and preprocessor symbols. Define the desired interfaces or tutorial scope for these four requests, then confirm that each requested compilation effect can be documented or exposed consistently.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.