Add extra parameter to all callbacks

On Arduino, you'll tipically declare a new callback on the main file for each thing you are listening on.

It's very difficult to write generic, reusable libraries that attach to interruptions or other callbacks.

In C/C++ world, we usually specify an extra `void*` parameter when registering the callback, where the listener can store any context necessary.

I suggest we adopt this on all Arduino callbacks: `attachInterrupt()`, `Serial.serialEvent()`, `Wire.OnReceive()`, etc

I've already create #4519, which upgrades `attachInterrupt()`.

Keep in mind that the changes can be done in a backwars-compatible way, and the impact in performance, memory and flash storage is quite low (But not zero)

Read the existing proposal in #4519, then inspect the callback registration APIs named here: attachInterrupt(), Serial.serialEvent(), and Wire.OnReceive(). Done would require a consistent, backward-compatible extra context parameter across the relevant Arduino callbacks, with its performance, memory, and flash-storage impact evaluated.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.