I can't get any appium tests to run

Description

I wrote the code for an Android app that has one button. I wrote an appium test case but I'm just getting error after error.

Environment

• Appium - Java client: 2.5.1
• Desktop OS/version used to run Appium if necessary: Mac Ventura 13.0.1
• Node version: v18.19.1
• Mobile platform/version under test: Android 33
• Real device or emulator/simulator: Pixel 7 API 34

Details

I keep getting so many random errors I don't understand what's happening. (I am a university student and complete newbie to Appium )

Code To Reproduce Issue

here's the code for the single-button app:

MainActivity.kt

package com.example.singleactionapp

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.View
import android.widget.Button
import android.widget.EditText
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.material3.MaterialTheme
import androidx.compose.material3.Surface
import androidx.compose.material3.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.tooling.preview.Preview
import com.example.singleactionapp.ui.theme.SingleActionAppTheme

class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.button)
        val message = findViewById<TextView>(R.id.message)
        var messageCounter = 0

        button.setOnClickListener {
            messageCounter += 1
            message.visibility = View.VISIBLE
            message.text = "Button clicked $messageCounter times"
        }
    }
}

and activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="161dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="341dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="162dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="342dp"
            android:text="click here"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="1.0"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.0" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/message"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginStart="146dp"
            android:layout_marginTop="25dp"
            android:layout_marginEnd="147dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="298dp"
            android:text="Button was clicked"
            android:textAlignment="center"
            android:visibility="gone"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/button" />

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</LinearLayout>

this is the code to by appium test:

package com.example.singleactionapp;
// This sample code supports Appium Java client >=9
// https://github.com/appium/java-client
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;

import io.appium.java_client.AppiumBy;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.remote.options.BaseOptions;

public class appiumTest{

    private AndroidDriver driver;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        BaseOptions options = new BaseOptions()
                .amend("platformName", "Android")
                .amend("appium:automationName", "UiAutomator2")
                .amend("appium:platformVersion", "14.0")
                .amend("appium:deviceName", "Pixel 7 API 34")
                .amend("appium:udid", "emulator-5554")
                .amend("appium:appPackage", "com.example.singleactionapp")
                .amend("appium:appActivity", ".MainActivity ")
                .amend("appium:noReset", "true")
                .amend("appium:ensureWebviewsHavePages", true)
                .amend("appium:nativeWebScreenshot", true)
                .amend("appium:newCommandTimeout", 3600)
                .amend("appium:connectHardwareKeyboard", true);

        driver = new AndroidDriver(this.getUrl(), options);
    }

    private URL getUrl() {
        try {
            return new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723");
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;

    }

    @Test
    public void sampleTest() {
        WebElement el1 = driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.example.singleactionapp:id/button"));
        el1.click();
        WebElement el2 = driver.findElement(AppiumBy.id("com.example.singleactionapp:id/message"));
        el2.click();
    }

    @AfterEach
    public void tearDown() {
        driver.quit();
    }
}

and this is my gradle dependencies:

dependencies {
    implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.12.0")
    implementation("androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.6.2")
    implementation("androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.8.2")
    implementation(platform("androidx.compose:compose-bom:2023.08.00"))
    implementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui")
    implementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-graphics")
    implementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview")
    implementation("androidx.compose.material3:material3")
    implementation("androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4")
    testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.2")
    testImplementation ("io.appium:java-client:9.2.0")
    testImplementation("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-api:4.18.0")
    testImplementation("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-remote-driver:4.18.0")
    testImplementation("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-support:4.18.0")
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5")
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1")
    androidTestImplementation(platform("androidx.compose:compose-bom:2023.08.00"))
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4")
    androidTestImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter:5.8.1")
    debugImplementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling")
    debugImplementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest")
}

Exception Stacktraces

[] https://gist.github.com/Dameonn24/13ccbfc77d577c8acd73c9c35e0a14b6

Start by reviewing the exception stacktraces in the linked gist and reproducing the test from appiumTest with the stated Android, emulator, Appium, and Java client versions. Compare the failure with the MainActivity.kt, activity_main.xml, and Gradle dependencies shown; done requires identifying a specific reproducible failure and a clear correction or confirmation of a client defect.