[FEATURE] Cache index files on the server side

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct)

### Search before asking

- [X] I have searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/incubator-uniffle/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and found no similar issues.

### Describe the feature

If we use AQE, index files will be read many times. So we should cache it in memory.

### Motivation

For better performance and lower disk io.

### Describe the solution

1. Cache it. Free discussion on specific details.
2. Filter index data before return to the clients.

### Additional context

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

Start by tracing how the server reads index files for AQE requests and how index data is returned to clients. The issue proposes in-memory caching and filtering before responses, but leaves the cache design and other specifics open; done criteria need to be established before implementation.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.