Upgrade Checkstyle to latest version and modernize `storm_checkstyle.xml`

The project is currently using a significantly outdated version of Checkstyle (v8.2).
This version is several years old and lacks support for modern Java syntax and improved linting features found in the latest releases.
https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.puppycrawl.tools/checkstyle/versions

Continuing with this outdated version presents several issues:

- Strict import enforcement: Newer versions of Checkstyle handle CustomImportOrder differently. We are currently seeing warnings (or being forced into specific import hacks) regarding the STATIC group because the old version's rules are inconsistent with modern IDE defaults.
- Configuration inconsistency: the file `storm_checkstyle.xml` is based on an ancient version of Google’s checkstyle config (v7.7). Many properties used in our XML are deprecated or have been removed in Checkstyle 10+, making the current configuration incompatible with the latest tooling.
- Modern Java support.

Proposed Changes:
- Bump dependency
- Update `storm_checkstyle.xml`

Locate the Checkstyle dependency and storm_checkstyle.xml, then review the current version and configuration against a supported modern release. Verify the updated configuration handles modern Java syntax and CustomImportOrder behavior without deprecated or removed properties. Done means the dependency and XML configuration are compatible and the project's Checkstyle validation passes.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.