Upgrade base images to Ubuntu 24.04

I am a user of [conveyordata](https://docs.conveyordata.com/technical-reference/docker/spark) which uses this repo's docker images as a base for its Spark images.
The problem with the current Ubuntu 22.04 ones is that that ship python 3.10, which is scheduled to become [end-of-life in October](https://www.python.org/downloads/).

So, I would propose to build containers with Ubuntu 24.04, which ships with python 3.12.

Start by locating the repository's Dockerfiles and image build entry points, then check how the current Ubuntu 22.04 base and Python 3.10 are specified. Update the relevant base-image references to Ubuntu 24.04 and verify that the resulting Spark images provide Python 3.12.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.