[Bug] topic message size exceeds limit

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Version

java: 21
pulsar: 3.2.0

### Minimal reproduce step

log
```
2024-03-08T13:43:43,369+0800 [GarbageCollectorThread-6-1] INFO org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread - Do compaction to compact those files lower than 0.2
2024-03-08T13:43:43,369+0800 [GarbageCollectorThread-6-1] INFO org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread - Compaction: entry log usage buckets before compaction [10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
2024-03-08T13:43:43,369+0800 [GarbageCollectorThread-6-1] INFO org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread - Compaction: entry log usage buckets[10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], compacted [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
2024-03-08T13:49:12,105+0800 [bookie-io-8-1] INFO org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.AuthHandler - Authentication success on server side
2024-03-08T13:49:12,105+0800 [bookie-io-8-1] INFO org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookieRequestHandler - Channel connected [id: 0x3087e422, L:/192.168.0.150:3181 - R:/192.168.0.250:53602]
2024-03-08T13:49:12,106+0800 [bookie-io-8-1] ERROR org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookieRequestHandler - Unhandled exception occurred in I/O thread or handler on [id: 0x3087e422, L:/192.168.0.150:3181 - R:/192.168.0.250:53602]
io.netty.handler.codec.TooLongFrameException: Adjusted frame length exceeds 5253120: 1195725860 - discarded
at io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.fail(LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.java:507) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.failIfNecessary(LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.java:493) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.exceededFrameLength(LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.java:377) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.decode(LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.java:423) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.decode(LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder.java:333) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.decodeRemovalReentryProtection(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:529) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:468) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290) ~[io.netty-netty-codec-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.handler.flush.FlushConsolidationHandler.channelRead(FlushConsolidationHandler.java:152) ~[io.netty-netty-handler-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:442) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.epoll.AbstractEpollStreamChannel$EpollStreamUnsafe.epollInReady(AbstractEpollStreamChannel.java:800) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.processReady(EpollEventLoop.java:509) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoop.run(EpollEventLoop.java:407) ~[io.netty-netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997) ~[io.netty-netty-common-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) ~[io.netty-netty-common-4.1.104.Final.jar:4.1.104.Final]
```

### What did you expect to see?

Message size does not exceed the limit

### What did you see instead?

The message size exceeds the limit by too much, too much

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Start with the BookieRequestHandler stack trace and Netty's LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder, using the reported Pulsar 3.2.0 and Java 21 versions. Reproduce the oversized frame and trace how the message size reaches 1,195,725,860 against the 5,253,120 limit. Done means the cause is identified and message frames are handled within the expected limit, with a regression test if the relevant test location is found.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.