Add additional data to negativeAcknowledge

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

When rejecting a message I want to add some additional information that I can get when the message is consumed again.

### Solution

Add new API:

```java
void negativeAcknowledge(MessageId messageId, Map additionalProperties);
```

Consumer:
```java
Message msg = consumer.receive();
// Includes additional information
msg.getProperties();
```

### Alternatives

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [X] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Start by tracing the Consumer.negativeAcknowledge API and the Message properties accessed through msg.getProperties(). Determine how additionalProperties could travel from rejection to redelivery, then verify that the proposed overload preserves existing negative-acknowledgement behavior. Done means the new API is available and the additional information is present when the message is consumed again.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.