apache / apache/pulsar

[Bug] Incompatible schema when having Avro schema without nullable string fields

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Stale type/bug
Dominant language
Java
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Description

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/pulsar/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Version

Using Pulsar 2.9.1.

### Minimal reproduce step

Here is the project with the minimal reproducible example that leads to this problem: https://github.com/trojczak/pulsar-avro-schema-problem

Steps to reproduce:
1. Create topics and schemas from `README.md`. Use `Person.avsc` from the given repo as a schema for the topic.
2. Try to run `PersonFunction` class using `LocalRunner` from `PersonFunctionTest`.
3. See:
```
Caused by: org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException$IncompatibleSchemaException: {"errorMsg":"org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.schema.exceptions.IncompatibleSchemaException: org.apache.avro.SchemaValidationException: Unable to read schema:
{
"type" : "record",
"name" : "Person",
"namespace" : "pl.trojczak.pocs.model",
"fields" : [ {
"name" : "birthYear",
"type" : "int"
}, {
"name" : "name",
"type" : [ "null", "string" ],
"default" : null
} ]
}
using schema:
{
"type" : "record",
"name" : "Person",
"namespace" : "pl.trojczak.pocs.model",
"fields" : [ {
"name" : "name",
"type" : "string"
}, {
"name" : "birthYear",
"type" : "int"
} ]
}
```

### What did you expect to see?

I expect to have a way for the `Person.avsc` schema to work with the given function.

### What did you see instead?

I get the following exception:

```
Caused by: org.apache.pulsar.client.api.PulsarClientException$IncompatibleSchemaException: {"errorMsg":"org.apache.pulsar.broker.service.schema.exceptions.IncompatibleSchemaException: org.apache.avro.SchemaValidationException: Unable to read schema:
{
"type" : "record",
"name" : "Person",
"namespace" : "pl.trojczak.pocs.model",
"fields" : [ {
"name" : "birthYear",
"type" : "int"
}, {
"name" : "name",
"type" : [ "null", "string" ],
"default" : null
} ]
}
using schema:
{
"type" : "record",
"name" : "Person",
"namespace" : "pl.trojczak.pocs.model",
"fields" : [ {
"name" : "name",
"type" : "string"
}, {
"name" : "birthYear",
"type" : "int"
} ]
}
```

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Contributor guide

Open the contributing guide

Research direction

Start with the README.md, Person.avsc, PersonFunction, and PersonFunctionTest in the linked minimal reproduction. Run the LocalRunner scenario to reproduce the IncompatibleSchemaException, then trace Pulsar's schema compatibility handling for the displayed nullable and non-nullable Avro fields. Done means the reproduced Person schema works with the function without that exception.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.

Assessment

Tech stack
java
Domain
distributed-systems
Issue type
Bug
Difficulty
4/5
Estimated time
3-5 days
Activity status
Stale
Clarity
Needs clarification
Newbie friendliness
30/100

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