Add retry logic to handle concurrent updates for namespace properties

### Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

See discussions in https://github.com/apache/polaris/pull/1989 for context.

dev email thread https://lists.apache.org/thread/gp4f84ld08z1khrd09klzdzflv7l7fgh

### Describe the solution you'd like

_No response_

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Start by reading the discussion in PR 1989 and the linked developer email thread for the intended behavior around concurrent namespace-property updates. Identify the affected update path from that context; done means concurrent updates are retried according to the agreed behavior and the resulting namespace properties remain correct.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.