ParquetFileWriter in invalid state after network outage in end(metadata)

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Related to apache/iceberg#13508, possibly to #1971,

We're using parquet-java 1.15.2 as part of iceberg, uploading data to S3. The data is flushed to storage in configurable intervals.

## Description
If a short network interruption happens exactly while writing and uploading files, the [`ParquetFileWriter`](https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/blob/master/parquet-hadoop/src/main/java/org/apache/parquet/hadoop/ParquetFileWriter.java) is already transitioned into the state `ENDED`, even though the file has not been written successfully.
Another call to close the (iceberg-) writer results in an exception of the `ParquetFileWriter`, being in an invalid state.

Stacktrace:
```
java.io.UncheckedIOException: Failed to flush row group
at org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetWriter.flushRowGroup(ParquetWriter.java:225)
at org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetWriter.close(ParquetWriter.java:257)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.DataWriter.close(DataWriter.java:82)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.RollingFileWriter.closeCurrentWriter(RollingFileWriter.java:126)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.RollingFileWriter.close(RollingFileWriter.java:156)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.RollingDataWriter.close(RollingDataWriter.java:32)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.FanoutWriter.closeWriters(FanoutWriter.java:82)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.FanoutWriter.close(FanoutWriter.java:74)
at org.apache.iceberg.io.FanoutDataWriter.close(FanoutDataWriter.java:31)
at org.apache.iceberg.parquet.TestParquetWriter.testParquetWriterWithFailingIO(TestParquetWriter.java:113)
[... Junit/JDK classes ...]
Caused by: java.io.IOException: The file being written is in an invalid state. Probably caused by an error thrown previously. Current state: ENDED
at org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileWriter$STATE.error(ParquetFileWriter.java:250)
at org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileWriter$STATE.startBlock(ParquetFileWriter.java:224)
at org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetFileWriter.startBlock(ParquetFileWriter.java:586)
at org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetWriter.flushRowGroup(ParquetWriter.java:215)
... 100 more
```

## Possible Solution
Every time the internal field `state` is updated, it is done in the very beginning of a method, which is too early. If later in the method's code an exception is thrown, not all logic has been executed successfully, leaving the writer in an invalid state.
But simply moving the transition in state to the end of the method could result in executing the code multiple times, if a retry-mechanism calls the method multiple times - that must also be avoided.
One possibility would be to introduce more internal states. This would allow to track the state of the writer in more detail, which again makes it more resilient to retries.

### Component(s)

Core