[common] CatalogContext requires Hadoop dependency even in non-Hadoop environments

## Description

`CatalogContext` currently has a hard dependency on Hadoop Configuration, causing `NoClassDefFoundError` in environments where Hadoop is not needed or available.

## Critical: Trino Plugin Development Blocker

This issue is a **critical blocker** for developing the Trino-Paimon connector.

### Trino's Mandatory Requirement

Trino **explicitly prohibits connectors from having mandatory Hadoop dependencies**:

🔗 **Trino Policy**: https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/15921

> **Quote from Trino maintainers:**
> "Trino connectors should not have a hard dependency on Hadoop. Connectors must work without Hadoop on the classpath."

### Previous Paimon-Trino Implementation Issue

The previous `paimon-trino` implementation was affected by this problem:

🔗 **Paimon-Trino Issue**: https://github.com/apache/paimon-trino/issues/96

This issue prevented proper deployment and usage of Paimon with Trino in production environments.

## Use Cases Affected

### 1. 🎯 Trino-Paimon Connector (PRIMARY)
- **Status**: Currently **BLOCKED** by mandatory Hadoop dependency
- **Requirement**: Trino's connector architecture requires optional Hadoop support
- **Impact**: Cannot integrate Paimon with Trino's cloud-native deployment model
- **Policy**: https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/15921
- **Previous Issue**: https://github.com/apache/paimon-trino/issues/96

### 2. Windows Development Environment
When using Paimon on Windows (e.g., Flink CDC with Paimon sink to MinIO S3), the application fails with:

```
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/hadoop/conf/Configuration
at org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogContext.(CatalogContext.java:53)
at org.apache.paimon.catalog.CatalogContext.create(CatalogContext.java:73)
at org.apache.paimon.flink.FlinkCatalogFactory.createPaimonCatalog(FlinkCatalogFactory.java:81)
at org.apache.flink.cdc.connectors.paimon.sink.v2.bucket.BucketAssignOperator.open(BucketAssignOperator.java:103)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.RegularOperatorChain.initializeStateAndOpenOperators(RegularOperatorChain.java:107)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restoreStateAndGates(StreamTask.java:858)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.lambda$restoreInternal$5(StreamTask.java:812)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTaskActionExecutor$1.call(StreamTaskActionExecutor.java:55)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restoreInternal(StreamTask.java:812)
at org.apache.flink.streaming.runtime.tasks.StreamTask.restore(StreamTask.java:771)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.runWithSystemExitMonitoring(Task.java:970)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.restoreAndInvoke(Task.java:939)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.doRun(Task.java:763)
at org.apache.flink.runtime.taskmanager.Task.run(Task.java:575)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:842)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration
```

### 3. Lightweight Deployment Scenarios
- Local FileIO usage shouldn't require Hadoop
- Cloud-native deployments using native S3/OSS clients
- Embedded/lightweight environments
- Container deployments without Hadoop ecosystem

## Problem Root Cause

The current `CatalogContext` implementation has a mandatory Hadoop dependency:

```java
public class CatalogContext {
private final Configuration hadoopConf; // Always requires Hadoop

private CatalogContext(..., Configuration hadoopConf) {
this.hadoopConf = hadoopConf; // Hard dependency - blocks Trino
}

public Configuration hadoopConf() {
return hadoopConf; // Forces ClassNotFoundException without Hadoop
}
}
```

This design:
- ❌ Violates Trino's connector design principles
- ❌ Prevents deployment in Hadoop-free environments
- ❌ Increases dependency footprint unnecessarily
- ❌ Blocks Paimon adoption in cloud-native scenarios

## Proposed Solution

Refactor CatalogContext using class hierarchy to separate concerns:

### 1. `CatalogContext` - Base class (Hadoop-free)
```java
public class CatalogContext {
protected final Options options;
protected final ClassLoader classLoader;
// No Hadoop dependency
}
```

### 2. `HadoopAware` - Interface for Hadoop functionality
```java
public interface HadoopAware {
Configuration hadoopConf();
}
```

### 3. `CatalogHadoopContext` - Hadoop implementation
```java
public class CatalogHadoopContext extends CatalogContext implements HadoopAware {
private final Configuration hadoopConf;

@Override
public Configuration hadoopConf() {
return hadoopConf;
}
}
```

### Components Update
- **FileIO**: Use `CatalogContext` as base type
- **Runtime check**: Components check for `HadoopAware` interface when Hadoop is needed
- **Graceful fallback**: Works without Hadoop, enables Hadoop when available
- **Factory pattern**: Automatically returns appropriate type based on environment

## Expected Benefits

1. ✅ **Unblocks Trino-Paimon connector** - Complies with Trino's requirements
- Resolves https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/15921
- Fixes https://github.com/apache/paimon-trino/issues/96
2. ✅ **Fixes Windows development** with Flink CDC + Paimon + MinIO
3. ✅ **Reduces dependency footprint** for cloud-native deployments
4. ✅ **Improves architecture** (separation of concerns)
5. ✅ **Maintains backward compatibility** - existing code continues to work

## Impact Assessment

- **Critical**: Trino connector development (currently blocked)
- **High**: Windows development environments
- **Medium**: Lightweight deployments
- **Low**: Existing Flink/Spark usage (backward compatible)

## Related Issues

- Related to https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/15921
- Fixes https://github.com/apache/paimon-trino/issues/96

Start by reading CatalogContext.java and its create path, then inspect the affected call in FlinkCatalogFactory.java. Trace how the Hadoop Configuration type is loaded and how Hadoop-aware behavior is used. Done means CatalogContext works in Hadoop-free environments while Hadoop-enabled use remains available for the affected Flink CDC path.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.