[Feature] Bump caffeine version to 3.x.x

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/paimon/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

Blocked by #4140 .
Subtask of #3827 and related to #4096 .
After java version is upgraded to java11 in paimon, we need to bump caffeine to the latest 3.x.x version to fix issue in https://github.com/ben-manes/caffeine/issues/1757

### Solution

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Start by resolving the blocker in #4140 and reviewing the Java dependency declaration in Paimon. Check the Caffeine 3.x release needed to address caffeine/caffeine#1757, then verify the project builds and its existing tests pass with the updated version.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.