[Feature] CDC Ingestion supports retaining delete records and metadata columns (__op_type, __op_ts)

### Search before asking

- [X] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/incubator-paimon/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

1. CDC Ingestion supports retaining delete records (note: The retained delete records can be used for subsequent data backtracking, and it can be configured through optional parameters in CDC Ingestion);
2. CDC Ingestion supports metadata column information (including __Op_type, __op_ts, etc.), as below:

### Solution

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

The issue names no files, tests, or entry points. Start by locating the CDC ingestion implementation and its configuration and schema handling, then determine how existing tests cover delete events and metadata columns. Done should include configurable retention of delete records and support for the listed metadata columns, with corresponding test coverage.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.