feat(binding/c): Add support for logging and other layers.

I am trying to integrate C binding into our project and encountered some errors. The error message only contains an error code, so I cannot determine the specific cause of the error. After using some hacky methods, I found the reason for the error, but it is not very user-friendly for developers.

There are many layers in opendal core, including logging, but C binding cannot use these layers yet. I hope to add support for them.

In addition, there are no dependencies on log and env-logging in c binding's cargo. After adding these dependencies, logging can be printed correctly. I hope that c binding can add a method like "opendal_init_logger" to allow users to adjust the logging settings.

The issue names the C binding and its Cargo dependencies, but no file or test; start by tracing how the C binding configures OpenDAL core layers and how logging dependencies are declared. Define the supported layer and logging initialization behavior, including an opendal_init_logger-style entry point, and verify that C callers can adjust settings and receive useful logs.

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