[SUREFIRE-2088] Split test into chunks and select chunk to run

**[Liam Sharp](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=liam.sharp)** opened **[SUREFIRE-2088](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-2088?redirect=false)** and commented

A lot of CI environments (GitHub Actions/Circle CI etc) charge by the minute. So running tests across multiple boxes costs very little more than 1 box, but gives results back much quicker. 

I've love to be able to do some thing like:

mvn tests -Dsurefire.chunks=10 -Dsurefire.chunk=1

Which I could run on box 1 of 10, then 

mvn tests -Dsurefire.chunks=10 -Dsurefire.chunk=2

on box 2, etc etc.

I've seen solutions that involved code outside of maven looking at JUnit test results and producing a files to pass in -Dsurefire.excludesFile on each of the boxes. This solution requires state from previous runs and code outside of surefire. I think being able to do this completely in the surefire plugin would be a great enhancement. User could provide the chunks/chunk values, and then optionally (as a plus plus feature) some test results that give timings to allow more even test distribution across the chunks.

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No further details from [SUREFIRE-2088](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SUREFIRE-2088?redirect=false)

Start by examining the Surefire plugin entry points that process Maven properties such as -Dsurefire.chunks and -Dsurefire.chunk, along with the existing excludesFile handling. Define how tests are assigned to chunks and how optional timing data would affect distribution; done means independent Maven runs select the intended test subset without external state.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.