Add State To QueryVisitor [LUCENE-8882]

QueryVisitor has no state passed in either up or down recursion. This limits the width of decisions that can be taken by visitation of QueryVisitor. For eg, for #9924, we need a way to specify is the visitor is a rewriter visitor.

This Jira proposes adding a property bag model to QueryVisitor, which can then be referred to by the Query instance being visited by QueryVisitor.

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Migrated from [LUCENE-8882](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-8882) by Atri Sharma (@atris), updated Jul 02 2019

Start by reading QueryVisitor and the Query implementations involved in visitation, then review issue #9924 and the linked LUCENE-8882 proposal for the required visitor context. Define how a property-bag state moves through recursion and is exposed to the visited Query; done means the rewriter-visitor use case can access that state during visitation.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.