Support for field removal and renaming [LUCENE-8832]

Currently it's not possible to rename existing Lucene fields or delete them without creating a new index from scratch (FieldInfos are basically append-only).

This issue proposes to investigate an approach that applies these changes at a Codec level so that the unwanted data is skipped over (in case of field delete) or accessed under a different name (in case of field rename). Since the same Codec API is used for segment merging the deletion / removal filtering could be applied only to the currently existing segments because the resulting merged segments would not contain this data anymore.

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Migrated from [LUCENE-8832](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-8832) by Andrzej Bialecki (@sigram), 1 vote, updated Jun 06 2019
Linked issues:
- [SOLR-13519](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-13519)