Remove deprecated code in main [LUCENE-8638]

There are a number of deprecations in master that should be removed. This issue is to keep track of deprecations as a whole, some individual deprecations may require their own issues.

Work on this issue should be pushed to the `master-deprecations` branch on gitbox

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Migrated from [LUCENE-8638](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-8638) by Alan Woodward (@romseygeek), updated Dec 08 2021
Linked issues:
- #9520
- #9728
- [SOLR-13138](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-13138)

Pull requests: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/198, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/201, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/202, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/243, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/246, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/249, https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/246