throw more specific exception on data corruption [LUCENE-8525]

DataInput throws generic IOException if data looks odd

[DataInput:141](https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/blob/1d85cd783863f75cea133fb9c452302214165a4d/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/DataInput.java#L141)

there are other examples like [BufferedIndexInput:219](https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/blob/1d85cd783863f75cea133fb9c452302214165a4d/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/store/BufferedIndexInput.java#L219), [CompressionMode:226](https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/blob/1d85cd783863f75cea133fb9c452302214165a4d/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/compressing/CompressionMode.java#L226) and maybe [DocIdsWriter:81](https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/blob/1d85cd783863f75cea133fb9c452302214165a4d/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/bkd/DocIdsWriter.java#L81)

That leads to some difficulties - see [elasticsearch #34322](https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/34322)

It would be better if it throws more specific exception.

As a consequence [SegmentInfos.readCommit](https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/blob/1d85cd783863f75cea133fb9c452302214165a4d/lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/index/SegmentInfos.java#L281) violates its own contract

```java
/**
* `@throws` CorruptIndexException if the index is corrupt
* `@throws` IOException if there is a low-level IO error
*/
```

---
Migrated from [LUCENE-8525](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-8525) by Vladimir Dolzhenko, updated Jan 11 2019

Start by reading DataInput.java at line 141 and compare the corruption handling in BufferedIndexInput.java, CompressionMode.java, and DocIdsWriter.java. Check how SegmentInfos.readCommit handles these failures and use the linked Elasticsearch issue for context. Done means corruption paths raise a specific exception while low-level I/O errors remain IOException as documented.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.