JapaneseIterationMarkCharFilter: TestRandomChains fails with incorrect offsets or causes IndexOutOfBounds [LUCENE-10358]

Failures seen:
```
$ gradlew :lucene:analysis:integration.tests:test --tests TestRandomChains.testRandomChainsWithLargeStrings -Dtests.seed=AA632771CC823702 -Dtests.slow=true -Dtests.locale=fr-MF -Dtests.timezone=America/Panama -Dtests.asserts=true -Dtests.file.encoding=UTF-8
org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains > test suite's output saved to C:\Users\Uwe Schindler\Projects\lucene\lucene\lucene\analysis\integration.tests\build\test-results\test\outputs\OUTPUT-org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains.txt, copied below:
2> stage 0: ­ÉÆû<[0-2] +1> ­ÉÆä<[4-6] +1> ppkarrpf<[7-14] +1> 1<[16-17] +1> 5<[18-19] +1>
2> stage 1: ­ÉÆû<[0-2] +1> ­ÉÆä<[4-6] +1> 000000<[4-6] +0> ppkarrpf<[7-14] +1> 759700<[7-14] +0> 1<[16-17] +1> 5<[18-19] +1> 000000<[18-19] +0>
2> stage 2: ­ÉÆû<[0-2] +1> ­ÉÆä<[4-6] +1> 000000<[4-6] +0> ppkarrpf<[7-14] +1> 759700<[7-14] +0> 1<[16-17] +1> 000000<[18-19] +0>
2> TEST FAIL: useCharFilter=true text='\ud801\udc96\ud801\udcaa\ud801\udc84 ppkarpf {1,5}g?)u em mbm hbil'
2> Exception from random analyzer:
2> charfilters=
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseIterationMarkCharFilter(java.io.StringReader@105e6aa7, true, false)
2> tokenizer=
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.th.ThaiTokenizer()
2> filters=
2> Conditional:org.apache.lucene.analysis.phonetic.DaitchMokotoffSoundexFilter(OneTimeWrapper@79889b7f term=,bytes=[],startOffset=0,endOffset=0,positionIncrement=1,positionLength=1,type=word,termFrequency=1, true)
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseNumberFilter(ValidatingTokenFilter@53a9e96c term=,bytes=[],startOffset=0,endOffset=0,positionIncrement=1,positionLength=1,type=word,termFrequency=1,keyword=false)
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous.StemmerOverrideFilter(ValidatingTokenFilter@6cb4578d term=,bytes=[],startOffset=0,endOffset=0,positionIncrement=1,positionLength=1,type=word,termFrequency=1,keyword=false, org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous.StemmerOverrideFilter$StemmerOverrideMap@51fc8124)
> java.lang.IllegalStateException: stage 2: inconsistent startOffset at pos=3: 16 vs 18; token=000000
> at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([AA632771CC823702:C038986095CC17F1]:0)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.ValidatingTokenFilter.incrementToken(ValidatingTokenFilter.java:138)
> at org.apache.lucene.analysis.common@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous.StemmerOverrideFilter.incrementToken(StemmerOverrideFilter.java:67)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.ValidatingTokenFilter.incrementToken(ValidatingTokenFilter.java:81)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkAnalysisConsistency(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:1130)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:1028)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:922)
> at org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains.testRandomChainsWithLargeStrings(TestRandomChains.java:943)
```

and also:

```
$ gradlew :lucene:analysis:integration.tests:test --tests TestRandomChains.testRandomChains -Dtests.seed=3A0D0E91E0CA5BFC -Dtests.slow=true -Dtests.locale=nmg-CM -Dtests.timezone=Antarctica/Vostok -Dtests.asserts=true -Dtests.file.encoding=UTF-8
org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains > test suite's output saved to C:\Users\Uwe Schindler\Projects\lucene\lucene\lucene\analysis\integration.tests\build\test-results\test_17\outputs\OUTPUT-org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains.txt, copied below:
2> TEST FAIL: useCharFilter=false text=''
2> Exception from random analyzer:
2> charfilters=
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseIterationMarkCharFilter(java.io.StringReader@7ee7c045)
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.charfilter.HTMLStripCharFilter(org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseIterationMarkCharFilter@66bba53d, [])
2> tokenizer=
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.core.KeywordTokenizer(27)
2> filters=
2> org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter(ValidatingTokenFilter@1a8623a7 term=,bytes=[],startOffset=0,endOffset=0,positionIncrement=1,positionLength=1,type=word,termFrequency=1,keyword=false, -21)
> java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index -1 out of bounds for length 32
> at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([3A0D0E91E0CA5BFC:7EC27F0A7D8463C]:0)
> at org.apache.lucene.analysis.kuromoji@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter.stem(JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter.java:76)
> at org.apache.lucene.analysis.kuromoji@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.analysis.ja.JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter.incrementToken(JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter.java:59)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.ValidatingTokenFilter.incrementToken(ValidatingTokenFilter.java:81)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkAnalysisConsistency(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:1130)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:1028)
> at org.apache.lucene.test_framework@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.tests.analysis.BaseTokenStreamTestCase.checkRandomData(BaseTokenStreamTestCase.java:922)
> at org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests@10.0.0-SNAPSHOT/org.apache.lucene.analysis.tests.TestRandomChains.testRandomChains(TestRandomChains.java:911)
```

---
Migrated from [LUCENE-10358](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-10358) by Uwe Schindler (@uschindler)

Start by reproducing the two reported TestRandomChains failures with their supplied Gradle commands and seeds. Read JapaneseIterationMarkCharFilter and JapaneseKatakanaStemFilter.java around line 76, then trace the failing analysis chains; done means the random-chain tests no longer report inconsistent offsets or ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.