Add a type-safe Kotlin configuration builder API

Using the functionality in https://kotlinlang.org/docs/type-safe-builders.html it should be fairly straightforward to make a Kotlin-specific DSL similar to the `ConfigurationBuilder` Java API.

Start by reading Kotlin's type-safe builders documentation and the existing Java ConfigurationBuilder API. Define the Kotlin-specific DSL surface and verify that it provides equivalent configuration-building functionality; the issue names no repository files or tests to run.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.