feat(c++): support reading and filtering multi-property values

### Describe the enhancement requested

Sub-issue of #660

This task involves supporting **reading and filtering values** for multi-properties. Specifically, we need to:
- Support reading vertex multi-properties in the high-level API.
- Parse and convert multi-property values to their target data types from files or Arrow tables.

example in gremlin:
```
gremlin> g.V(2).properties()
==>vp[name->craig]
==>vp[name->dave]
```
- Support filtering on multi-properties following Gremlin semantics (i.e., matching the expected value against any element in the property list).

example in gremlin:
```
gremlin> g.V().has('name','dave')
==>v[2]
```

### Component(s)

C++

Start by locating the high-level API entry points for vertex properties, then trace how values are parsed from files or Arrow tables and how property filters are evaluated. Done means multi-property values are read and converted to target types, and filtering matches any value in a property list according to the stated Gremlin examples.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.