Implement Inheritance in the V4 reader

### Feature Request / Improvement

We recently [implemented](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/16958) the v4 reader. We need to add metadata inheritance to the reader so we will handle features like row lineage.

### Query engine

None

### Willingness to contribute

- [x] I can contribute this improvement/feature independently
- [ ] I would be willing to contribute this improvement/feature with guidance from the Iceberg community
- [ ] I cannot contribute this improvement/feature at this time

Start by reviewing the v4 reader implementation referenced in PR 16958 and its current metadata handling. Trace how metadata is read and determine the inheritance behavior needed for features such as row lineage; done means the v4 reader handles inherited metadata with appropriate reader coverage.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.