[Spec] table properties needs a spec

The table properties are used to define a lot of operational settings about a table, yet there is no spec to reference for them.

Throughout the spec, some mention of certain table properties is made, but there should be a dedicated section for them.

In lack of this, the [iceberg runtime docs](https://iceberg.apache.org/docs/1.10.0/configuration/#table-properties) have become the defacto spec, which I don't think is a good course of action.

Unless I'm mistaken and that **should** be considered the spec, even then I think the spec should explicitly link there to remove any doubts about this.

### Willingness to contribute

- [ ] I can contribute a fix for this bug independently
- [ ] I would be willing to contribute a fix for this bug with guidance from the Iceberg community
- [x] I cannot contribute a fix for this bug at this time

Start by reviewing the existing specification references to table properties and the linked Iceberg runtime documentation section. Define a dedicated table-properties section or an explicit link to the authoritative documentation, with the spec clearly identifying where these operational settings are defined.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.