refactor(glue): derive catalog configuration from properties

Part of [apache/iceberg-rust#3094](https://github.com/apache/iceberg-rust/issues/3094).

## Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

`GlueCatalogBuilder::load` manually parses URI, catalog ID, and warehouse properties and filters the remaining AWS and storage properties.

## Describe the solution you would like

Use the `Properties` derive macro for the Glue catalog property projection while preserving optional URI and catalog ID handling, required warehouse validation, and forwarding all unmodeled AWS, FileIO, and KMS properties.

Acceptance criteria:
- Public builder APIs remain unchanged.
- URI, catalog ID, and warehouse behavior remains compatible.
- Recognized properties are excluded from the forwarded property map.
- Unknown AWS and storage properties remain available downstream.
- Focused unit tests cover defaults, overrides, validation, and property retention.

## Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently.

Locate GlueCatalogBuilder::load and inspect how URI, catalog ID, warehouse, AWS, FileIO, and KMS properties are currently projected. Read the Properties derive macro usage and run or add focused unit tests for defaults, overrides, validation, recognized-property filtering, and retention of unknown properties; done means public APIs and existing behavior remain compatible.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.