Add comprehensive error handling system for REST catalog

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

Now we only have a simple `deserialize_unexpected_catalog_error` function for errors. Adds a comprehensive error handling system for the REST catalog.

### Describe the solution you'd like

- Introduce an `ErrorHandler` Trait.
- Implement specific handlers like `NamespaceErrorHandler `.
- Implement a unified helper in HttpClient to handle the Async IO and JSON parsing.

### Willingness to contribute

I can contribute to this feature independently

Start by reading the existing deserialize_unexpected_catalog_error function and the HttpClient code that performs REST catalog requests. Review the proposed ErrorHandler trait and NamespaceErrorHandler alongside the unified async I/O and JSON parsing helper; done means the REST catalog has comprehensive error handling covering these paths.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.