apache / apache/iceberg-python

Bug: dynamic_partition_overwrite silently skips spec-0 manifests after partition spec evolution

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Description

## Summary

`dynamic_partition_overwrite` produces incorrect results when a table has undergone
partition spec evolution. Manifests written under older specs are silently skipped
by the manifest pruning logic introduced in #3011, leaving stale data files that
should have been deleted.

## Root cause

In `Table.dynamic_partition_overwrite` (`table/__init__.py`), the delete predicate
is built using only the **current** partition spec:
```python
delete_filter = self._build_partition_predicate(
partition_records=partitions_to_overwrite,
spec=self.table_metadata.spec(), # always current spec
schema=self.table_metadata.schema()
)
```

A snapshot with mixed `partition_spec_id`s (spec-0 and spec-1 manifests) passes
this single predicate to `_DeleteFiles`. The manifest evaluator in `_build_partition_projection`
uses `inclusive_projection(schema, spec)` — when projecting a spec-1 predicate
(e.g. `category=A AND region=us`) through spec-0 (which only has `category`), the
`region` reference has no corresponding partition field, causing the evaluator to
incorrectly skip spec-0 manifests entirely.

## Reproduction
```python
import tempfile, pyarrow as pa
from pyiceberg.catalog import load_catalog
from pyiceberg.schema import Schema
from pyiceberg.types import NestedField, StringType, LongType
from pyiceberg.partitioning import PartitionSpec, PartitionField
from pyiceberg.transforms import IdentityTransform

schema = Schema(
NestedField(1, "category", StringType(), required=False),
NestedField(2, "region", StringType(), required=False),
NestedField(3, "value", LongType(), required=False),
)
spec_v0 = PartitionSpec(
PartitionField(source_id=1, field_id=1000, transform=IdentityTransform(), name="category")
)

with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as warehouse:
catalog = load_catalog("test", **{"type": "sql", "uri": f"sqlite:///{warehouse}/catalog.db", "warehouse": f"file://{warehouse}"})
catalog.create_namespace("default")
table = catalog.create_table("default.test", schema=schema, partition_spec=spec_v0)

# Write under spec 0
table.append(pa.table({"category": ["A","A","B"], "region": [None,None,None], "value": [1,2,10]}))

# Evolve spec
with table.update_spec() as u:
u.add_field("region", IdentityTransform(), "region")
table = catalog.load_table("default.test")

# Write under spec 1
table.append(pa.table({"category": ["A","B"], "region": ["us","us"], "value": [100,200]}))

# Overwrite category=A — should delete ALL A rows (both specs)
table.dynamic_partition_overwrite(
pa.table({"category": ["A"], "region": ["us"], "value": [999]})
)

result = table.scan().to_arrow().to_pydict()
a_values = [v for c,v in zip(result["category"], result["value"]) if c == "A"]
print(a_values) # BUG: prints [1, 2, 100, 999] — stale rows from spec-0 not deleted
# EXPECTED: [999]
```

## Fix

Build the delete predicate **per historical spec** present in the snapshot, projecting
the new data files' partition values into each spec's coordinate space before evaluating.
PR with fix and regression tests to follow.

## Related
- #3011 (introduced the manifest pruning optimization)
- #1108 (prior related fix by @Fokko for spec evolution in manifest rewriting)

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