[FEATURE] Encrypt sensitive data in the catalog properties

### Describe the feature

The catalog properties may store some sensitive data, like MySQL passwords and AWS secret keys, which need to be encrypted.

### Motivation

_No response_

### Describe the solution

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

The issue names no files, tests, or entry points. First locate the catalog-property implementation and its existing tests, then clarify which properties require encryption, the key-management approach, and the acceptance criteria for stored and retrieved values.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.