[Subtask] Add Semantic Model Java client in Gravitino

### Describe the subtask

Add Java client support for Semantic Model lifecycle operations, including catalog access, list, create, load, alter, and drop requests, DTO conversion, error handling, and focused tests.

REST server implementation, OpenAPI definitions, and other language clients are out of scope.

### Parent issue

#12209

Start in the existing Java client and trace comparable catalog lifecycle operations before adding Semantic Model support. Cover catalog access, list, create, load, alter, and drop requests, including DTO conversion and error handling. Add focused tests demonstrating each operation and its failure paths; leave REST server, OpenAPI, and other language clients unchanged.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.