Support alter table config while adding partition name prefix for auto partition table

### Search before asking

- [x] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/alibaba/fluss/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

In feature https://github.com/alibaba/fluss/issues/195, we will support multi field partition table. To support this for auto partition table, we will add a table config to storage partition name prefix.

For example:
If we have an auto partition table with partition keys as ['country', 'city', 'ds'], and pre-create 2 partitions, the 'ds' column will be as auto partition spec to trigger auto partitioning, and we need to pre-define the partition name prefix. Such as if we pre-define the partition name prefixes ['China', 'Beijing'], ['China', 'Shanghai'], when trigger auto partitioning, we will generate four partitions named ['China', 'Beijing', '20240211'], ['China', 'Shanghai', '20240211'], ['China', 'Beijing', '20240212'], ['China', 'Shanghai', '20240212'].

In the future, we also try to support change the partition name prefix by `addPartition` request. So we need to support alter table config in this pr.

### Solution

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_

### Willingness to contribute

- [x] I'm willing to submit a PR!

Start by tracing the alter table configuration path and the addPartition request mentioned in the issue, then inspect how auto partition tables currently generate partition names. Confirm how multi-field partition keys and pre-defined prefixes are represented before defining the configuration change. Done means alter table accepts the required prefix configuration and auto-partition generation preserves the specified prefixes.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.