Allow user to track the tiering status of a tiering table

### Search before asking

- [x] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/fluss/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Description

it may fail for a table when tiering, but currently users have no way to know the status of a tiering table excep for see the tiering service. I propose to record the status(including fail message or some other thing) of a tiering table in Fluss and allow users to use Flink SQL to see the status of a tiering table, just like a system table.

### Willingness to contribute

- [ ] I'm willing to submit a PR!

No files or tests are named. Begin by tracing the tiering service and the existing Flink SQL system-table surface; determine how a tiering table’s status and failure details should be represented and exposed. Done means users can inspect that status through Flink SQL, with coverage for successful and failed tiering cases.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.