[Bug] arithmetic rewriting may result in error result when overflow

### Search before asking

- [x] I had searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/doris/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and found no similar issues.

### Version

3.1
3.0
master

### What's Wrong?

SimplifyArithmeticComparisonRule will simply arranging `ComparisonPredicate`. But, if overflow, this behavior will result in error result or trigger exception.
For example:
`date_sub(i, interval 1 day) <= '9999-12-31'` will be rewrited to `i <= date_add('9999-12-31', interval 1 day)`. But, `date_add('9999-12-31', interval 1 day)` will overflow.

### What You Expected?

when overflow, `ComparisonPredicate` should not be rewritten.

### How to Reproduce?

```
create table test_rewrite_arithmetic (`i` datetime NOT NULL) PROPERTIES ("replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1");
insert into test_rewrite_arithmetic values('2026-01-20');
select date_sub(i, interval 1 day) <='9999-12-31' from test_rewrite_arithmetic;
```
3.0/3.1:
```
+--------------------------------------------+
| date_sub(i, interval 1 day) <='9999-12-31' |
+--------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+--------------------------------------------+
```
master:
```
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (172.19.0.2)[E-218]Operation day_add of 9999-12-31 00:00:00, 1 out of range
```

### Anything Else?

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [x] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct)

Start by tracing SimplifyArithmeticComparisonRule using the supplied date_sub/date_add overflow query as a reproducer. Check the rewrite path for boundary values such as '9999-12-31'; done means the ComparisonPredicate is left unchanged on overflow and the query no longer returns an erroneous result or triggers an exception.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.