Create separate Rust crate for CI checks

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

PR https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/pull/9292 adds a check for circular dependencies as part of the standard unit test suite. There is a suggestion https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/pull/9292#pullrequestreview-1893644159 to make this a separate CI check.

### Describe the solution you'd like

I think we could create a new `datafusion-ci-checks` project for checks like this.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Start by reviewing PR #9292 and the linked review discussion about moving the circular-dependency check out of the standard unit test suite. Define the scope of the proposed datafusion-ci-checks project and identify which checks belong there. Done means the separate crate exists and the relevant CI check runs independently.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.