Add support for Range partitioning

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**
In order to support parallel sort (or distributed sort in Ballista) we need to implement range partitioning.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
We should support partitioning by range.
A range is a vector of buckets (for example `[0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 1000]`) combined with a expression.
The range vector might be given or computed/updated during query execution.

Each value belongs to partition i when the value is between the range values i and i + 1.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**

**Additional context**

Start by locating the existing partitioning implementation and the parallel-sort or distributed-sort path in DataFusion. Review how partition expressions and partition counts are represented, then define the range-bucket behavior, including runtime-computed or updated boundaries. Done means values are assigned to the correct range partitions and the behavior is covered by tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.