[EPIC] Simplify datetime predicates using "preimages"

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

It is much easier for optimizers to reason about predicates of the form ` op `expressions. They often can't optimize anywhere near as well if they have a scalar function wrapping them

This includes DataFusion's [PruningPredicate](https://docs.rs/datafusion/latest/datafusion/physical_optimizer/pruning/struct.PruningPredicate.html#contains-analysis-and-minmax-rewrite)

For example the predicate looking for a particular year
```sql
WHERE EXTRACT (YEAR FROM k) = 2024
```

Can be rewritten as
```sql
k >= 2024-01-01 AND k < 2025-01-01.
```

And then k is easier to pushdown and subject to range analysis, etc.

The ClickHouse paper : https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol17/p3731-schulze.pdf calles these "preimage" (from the [mathematical term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_(mathematics))) for this rewrite (I think toYear(k) is the equivalent of EXTRACT(YEAR from k))

> Second, some functions can compute the preimage of a given function result. This is used to replace comparisons of constants with function calls on the key columns by comparing the key column value with the preimage. For example, toYear(k) = 2024 can be replaced by k >= 2024-01-01 && k < 2025-01-01.

This ticket tracks adding such optimziations to DataFusion

### Describe the solution you'd like

- [x] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/18320
- [x] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/19889
- [x] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/20059
- [ ] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/18319
- [x] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/20050
- [ ] https://github.com/apache/datafusion/issues/20197

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Start by reviewing DataFusion's PruningPredicate documentation and the remaining checklist issues 18319 and 20197. Compare those open items with the completed issues and pull requests listed here; the epic is done when the remaining datetime preimage optimizations are implemented and their associated work is closed.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.