Numeric overflow should result in query error
- Dominant language
- Rust
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Description
### Describe the bug
In programming languages it's rather typical that numeric overflows are not a runtime error.
In SQL, it's rather typical that numeric overflows are identified during query execution and are treated as an error.
DataFusion is a SQL engine and therefore should report overflows as query errors. Continuing execution after overflows happened is a correctness issue (query results a wrong result).
### To Reproduce
```shell
cargo run --bin datafusion-cli -- --command "SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000;"
```
```
datafusion main$ cargo run --bin datafusion-cli -- --command "SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000;"
Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.17s
Running `target/debug/datafusion-cli --command 'SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000;'`
DataFusion CLI v50.0.0
+-----------------------------------------+
| Int64(10000000000) * Int64(10000000000) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 7766279631452241920 |
+-----------------------------------------+
```
### Expected behavior
### PostgreSQL
```
postgres=# SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000;
ERROR: bigint out of range
```
### Trino
```
trino> SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000;
Query 20250912_093345_00000_kgiyz failed: bigint multiplication overflow: 10000000000 * 10000000000
```
### Snowflake
```
SELECT 10000000000 * 10000000000 * 10000000000 * 10000000000;
-- Number out of representable range: type FIXED[SB16](38,0){not null}, value 1e+40
```
### Additional context
_No response_
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Assessment
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