Implement statistics estimation for partition columns

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**
The ability to read partitioned tables is added the the `ListingTable` in #1141. As partitions are constant columns, we could estimate their statistics pretty accurately (currently they are left as `Default`.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
Replace default with a column statistics that has:
- min value
- max value
- distinct count
- null number as 0

Start with the ListingTable partition-handling entry point added in #1141 and trace where partition columns currently receive Default statistics. Define how partition values provide min, max, distinct count, and a null count of zero, then verify the resulting statistics with the repository's relevant existing tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.