Cordova does not properly initialize if scheme is set to an illegal value.

# Bug Report

## Problem

### What is expected to happen?

It should be made clear that the `scheme` is an illegal value, either via an error
or produce a warning and fallback to a legal value.

### What does actually happen?

Cordova launches but `deviceready` never fires.

## Information

The issue was initially discovered at https://github.com/apache/cordova-plugin-file/issues/564#issuecomment-1497825428

### Command or Code

Inside `config.xml` at the root level:

```xml


```

### Environment, Platform, Device

Android 6 Emulator (API 23)
cordova@11.1.0
cordova-android@11.0.0

### Version information

## Checklist

- [x] I searched for existing GitHub issues
- [x] I updated all Cordova tooling to most recent version
- [x] I included all the necessary information above

Start by reproducing the Android 6 emulator case with the root-level config.xml preferences shown, using cordova@11.1.0 and cordova-android@11.0.0. Trace how the illegal scheme value is handled during initialization; done means the problem is reported clearly or a legal fallback is used and deviceready fires.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.