[Feature Request]: Support portable logical type for Beam SQL

### What would you like to happen?

Beam SQL only support certain java-only logical types hard-coded in place

https://github.com/apache/beam/blob/658b8f6daded95ff8490b8df9cb289dde6ba3294/sdks/java/extensions/sql/src/main/java/org/apache/beam/sdk/extensions/sql/impl/rel/BeamCalcRel.java#L604

which does not include standard portable logical type (portable dateime, decimal). As a result xlang and Beam YAML using Beam SQL does not support these types. We should add supports there. And for unknown logical type, we can use EncodedBytesLogicalType (#23374) once implemented.

### Issue Priority

Priority: 2 (default / most feature requests should be filed as P2)

### Issue Components

- [ ] Component: Python SDK
- [ ] Component: Java SDK
- [ ] Component: Go SDK
- [ ] Component: Typescript SDK
- [ ] Component: IO connector
- [ ] Component: Beam YAML
- [ ] Component: Beam examples
- [ ] Component: Beam playground
- [ ] Component: Beam katas
- [ ] Component: Website
- [ ] Component: Infrastructure
- [ ] Component: Spark Runner
- [ ] Component: Flink Runner
- [ ] Component: Samza Runner
- [ ] Component: Twister2 Runner
- [ ] Component: Hazelcast Jet Runner
- [ ] Component: Google Cloud Dataflow Runner