[Bug]: Cross-language pipeline options are not picked up in Java DoFns

### What happened?

I noticed this when testing with Managed BigQueryIO in Python SDK:

```python
options = PipelineOptions([
"--project=google.com:clouddfe",
"--region=us-central1",
"--temp_location=gs://ahmedabualsaud-wordcount/tmp",
])

with beam.Pipeline(options=options) as p:
(p
| beam.Create([beam.Row(int=999)])
| beam.managed.Write("bigquery",
config={"table": "google.com:clouddfe.ahmedabualsaud.test_table"},
expansion_service="localhost:12345"
))
```

I would expect these pipeline options to be picked up on Java's side. With some logging, I see the Java SDK recognizing the options at expand time in PTransforms (i.e. expand()), but not at runtime in DoFns (i.e. @ProcessElement).

### Issue Priority

Priority: 2 (default / most bugs should be filed as P2)

### Issue Components

- [ ] Component: Python SDK
- [X] Component: Java SDK
- [ ] Component: Go SDK
- [ ] Component: Typescript SDK
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