Support --verbose and/or --debug options so users don't have to tweak logging backend for basic output

A good command line interface uses `--verbose` or `--debug` to control verbosity for users and contributors to get more info about what is going on in the program. Currently IIUC a user has to tweak JUL which is quite a poor experience and Java-centric rather than a good command line interface. We should add support for this alongside our other tools (like pipeline options parsing) for making it easy to build a pipeline `main()`.

Note that this is for the construction & submission side / core SDK. Each runner has its own needs as far as how to control the worker logging, though it is probably still better to have a general way.

Imported from Jira [BEAM-3475](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/BEAM-3475). Original Jira may contain additional context.
Reported by: kenn.

Start with the existing pipeline options parsing and the construction and submission side of the core SDK, keeping runner worker logging out of scope. Determine how a pipeline main() can accept --verbose or --debug without requiring JUL changes; done means those options provide basic output for users and contributors.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.