[C++][IPC] Consider validation of index sizes in SparseCSFIndex::Make

### Describe the enhancement requested

Currently `SparseCSFIndex::Make` (`cpp/src/arrow/sparse_tensor.cc`) builds the index tensors from `indices_shapes` without validation:
```cpp
indptr[i] = std::make_shared(indptr_type, indptr_data[i],
std::vector({indices_shapes[i] + 1}));
...
indices[i] = std::make_shared(indices_type, indices_data[i],
std::vector({indices_shapes[i]}));
```
Review what validation and place would be best.

### Component(s)

C++

Start in cpp/src/arrow/sparse_tensor.cc at SparseCSFIndex::Make and trace how indices_shapes, indptr_data, and indices_data are used to construct the index tensors. Determine which index-size conditions should be validated and where that validation belongs; done means invalid sizes are rejected consistently before the tensors are built.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.