[Parquet][C++] pyArrow fails to read a file from parquet-testing

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Trying to read [fixed_length_byte_array.parquet](https://github.com/apache/parquet-testing/blob/a3d96a65e11e2bbca7d22a894e8313ede90a33a3/data/fixed_length_byte_array.parquet) from parquet testing I got this error:
```
Python 3.11.13 (main, Jun 09 2025, 21:55:43) [GCC] on linux
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.read_parquet('fixed_length_byte_array.parquet')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "/home/ccleva/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/io/parquet.py", line 669, in read_parquet
return impl.read(
^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ccleva/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/io/parquet.py", line 265, in read
pa_table = self.api.parquet.read_table(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ccleva/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py", line 1898, in read_table
return dataset.read(columns=columns, use_threads=use_threads,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/ccleva/.local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py", line 1538, in read
table = self._dataset.to_table(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "pyarrow/_dataset.pyx", line 589, in pyarrow._dataset.Dataset.to_table
File "pyarrow/_dataset.pyx", line 3939, in pyarrow._dataset.Scanner.to_table
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
OSError: Unexpected end of stream
>>> pd.__version__
'2.3.2'
>>> import pyarrow
>>> pyarrow.__version__
'21.0.0'
```
The file was introduced in apache/parquet-testing#31 but does not seem to be fully tested:
https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Aapache%2Farrow+fixed_length_byte_array.parquet&type=code

I recreated the file using the script in the PR in case it was corrupted but got the same error.

I tagged this as a C++ issue as it does not seem to be related to the python wrapper, correct me if I'm wrong.

Note that the java readers also fail to read this file, see apache/parquet-java#3336.

### Component(s)

C++, Parquet